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THIS MIGHT SURPRISE YOU

A reader says: "Marcion's collection of Paul's letters, made around 150 AD, included 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus." Agree or disagree?

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The answer

Disagree. The three letters, 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus, are missing from Marcion's collection, and Tertullian says Marcion knew them and rejected them. Some scholars use that gap to date the three late. On the other side, Polycarp's letter of the 120s seems to echo 1 Timothy. That is one reason the evidence from outside the letters slightly favors a date before 125 AD.

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Why it’s interesting

The three got their name, the Pastorals, in the 1700s, because they advise two church leaders on the care of their flocks. They assume bishops and deacons, offices never mentioned in the seven letters that are not in dispute. The usual view today is that they were written in Paul's name a generation or two after his death.

Scholarly consensus
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