THIS MIGHT SURPRISE YOU
The answer
Two: Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5. The lists are close but not identical — the reason given for keeping the Sabbath, for instance, differs between them.
Why it’s interesting
In Exodus the Sabbath recalls creation; in Deuteronomy it recalls the escape from slavery in Egypt. Same commandment, two reasons — a small window into how the text was handed down.
Scholarly consensus
You can know the Bible.
Not just the stories, but the history, authorship, and scholarship behind it.