DID YOU KNOW?
The answer
Twice, at 1 Samuel 17:4 and 17:23. Everywhere else in the chapter he is "the Philistine." The first verse introduces "a champion named Goliath, of Gath," and the second repeats it in full, "the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name," as if introducing him again.
Why it’s interesting
The New Oxford Annotated Bible's note reads the chapter as two versions of the story woven together, and counts 17:23 among the verses that came in with the second. The name does come back later: his sword turns up with the priests at Nob (1 Samuel 21:9). 2 Samuel 21:19 and 1 Chronicles 20:5 name a Goliath too, each beside a spear whose shaft was like a weaver's beam.
Scholarly consensus
Learn the Bible.
Not just the stories, but the history, authorship, and scholarship behind it.